Yog li cas qhov chaw siv khoom txhim kho nyiaj ntawm kev pab cuam rau kom tau rau lub tshuab ntsuas tsev neeg?

Ntawm no kev cai tsev neeg yuav tsum tau txhob tshem tshem ntau dua rau cov chaw tsim kho thiab lub tsev neeg uas saib xyuas kev tshem tshem dej. Txhob rau txhawb hmoob ua ke yog qhov tseemceeb tshaj plaws uas pab rau cov koomhaum tau txhob tshem tshem raws li qhov tseemceeb no, thaum twg kuj pab tseg tib neeg thiab lub chaw nyob. Cov chaw tsim kho no pab hloov dej tshem tshem ua dej sai tshem uas raug kev cai tsev neeg xa tawm, kom tsis txhob muaj dej tshem tshem nkag mus rau hauv dej nyob ntawm lub ntuj.

Kev tshwm sim ntawm kev siv chais kho dej tsuag zoo dua tau yooj yim rau cov chais nyob rau hauv txoj hauv kev, mus rau ntawm cov tuab njom rau cov dej nyiaj ruaj. Cov kev pab no siv ntau qhov kev kho, xws li kev kho los ntawm kev siv duntsuab, siv neeg, thiab siv cheeb, kom tshem tawm cov khaub ncaws thiab kom raug rau lub hom phiaj kev ceev fhus rau sab laj thiab sab federal. Txij li paub seb cov chais no ua haujlwm li cas thiab muab khwv rau kev saib xyuas dej, nws pab rau cov chais nrhiav tau kev lees paj lug zoo tshaj rau kev npaj dej tsuag.

Paub txog daim ntawv kev ceev fhus rau kev tso dej tsuag tawm

Daim ntawv kev ceev fhus thiab cov yam ntxwv rau kev raug

Cov chaw tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb txhua cheeb tsam muab caij rooj kom meej sib cais rau kev tso dej nkhaus uas cov khw muaj feem chaw yuav tsum pab ntau chaw mus dhau. Cov standard no feem ntau muaj heev ntawm kev paub pom tuaj (BOD), kev paub pom kho mob (COD), sib tov tag nrho (TSS), lwm yam khoom siv zoo li nitrogen thiab phosphorus, dej laug, thiab pH. Cov chaw ua haujlwm tsis muaj khw muaj feem chaw tshaj tawm yuav tsum nyob rau qhov phem meej, xws li khaub, tshaj tawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab feem nyiaj txiag rau kev puav tswg kev nyab xeeb.

Daim phem Tshaj Tsov Hlau nyob rau hauv Lub Nroog Tseeg, thiab nrog rau cov luj lawm muaj feem xyuam ntawm lub teb chaws, yees duab tias tib neeg siv hlau thiab kev lag luam yuav tsum tau txais lej daws uas sau tias tsis pub ntxuav ntau npaum li cas. Qhov chaw lag luam tuaj yeem pab tswj hwm kom txwv mus li ntawm kev tshem tshaib tshaib. Cov kev ceev faj thiab nqe lus nug tias yuav tsum tau ua kom paub tseeb tias kev lag luam zoo ib txhis, yog li qhov chaw lag luam yuav tsum tau zoo ib txhis thiab tsim nyog.

Kev lag luam sib txawv thiab kev txwv

Txoj kev lag luam sib txawv tuaj yeem pom tias muaj standard kho mob ceev sib txawv nyob hauv qhov chaw uas tshuav nrog rau lawv tus nqi tshuab ntau thiab tsawg, uas txhais tau tias yuav tsum muaj chaw tshuab kho mob ntoo xyooj. Cov chaw tsim khoom noj yuav tsum kho kom zoo rau lub siab ntau thiab khoom siv khoom noj, thaum tsim khoom siv yaj yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov khoom siv kho mob thiab cov khoom siv yaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Kev lag luam kho mob yuav tsum muaj kev kho mob uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov khoom siv ntoo ntau thiab cov khoom siv nyuj yaj nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kho mob.

Qhov chaw txhim kho dej nruj tso rau hauv av tuaj yeem pab kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau qhov chaw tseem ceeb thiab yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nrog kev siv khoom siv tshuaj ntau yam, thaum kuj tseem tswj tau txoj cai tso dej nruj tso rau hauv av. Qhov chaw siv khoom siv kho dej nruj nyob hauv qhov chaw no yuav tsum muaj peev xwm rxa nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov siab thiab ntau yam khoom siv tshuaj, thaum kuj tseem tswj tau kev siv kho tshuaj meej ntsis. Kev paub txog cov txoj cai zoo li cas uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li, yuav pab rau tus neeg tswj hwm xaiv cov kev tshuaj siv kho tshuaj uas yuav pab kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntev mus li.

Cov kev pab kho thawj thiab qhov chaw tshuaj siv

Kev sib sau ua ke thiab kev sib saum xyuas

Qhov thawj qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam ntxuav dej tsis zoo muaj feem ntau yam kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb uas tshem tawm cov khoom siv loj, cov khoom siv hauv dej, thiab cov khoom nyob saum npoo dej tawm ntawm dej tsis zoo. Cov khoom lag luam, xws li cov khoom sib tshooj, cov khoom sib tshooj me me, thiab cov kev lag luam tshem tawm dej nyiam, tiv thaiv kev pu tsuaj rau cov khoom siv hauv qab ntxeem, thaum koj pab txhim kho qhov nyob ze tshuab lag luam. Cov kev lag luam no yog qhov chaw tseemceeb rau kev lag luam ntxuav dej zoo, vim nws pab piv rau kev lag luam hauv qab ntxeem thiab kev lag luam kho.

Tsam kawm ntxuav thiab tsam tshwj tseem yog ib qhov tseem ceeb hauv chav ntxuav khwntxuav, txhim kho kom cov ntawv ntxuav meej ntxiv mus rau saum npoo, tab sis cov khoom sib txawv hla yuav tsha tseg los nqaj. Tsam tshwj tseem feem ntau tuaj yeem ntxuav tau 50-60% ntawv khoom ntxuav thiab kho tau 25-30% BOD, tso koob tshiab kom txhim kho rau kev ntxuav ntxiv. Kev xaiv qhov loj thiab sau phau ntawv zoo rau cov khoom no yuav pab kom kev ntxuav txhua yam zoo dua.

Kev thim siab thiab kev saib xyuas

Cov kev lag luam tshuab cuab yeej txhim kho tshuab nruj nplhaib muab kev pab nyob rau hauv kev tswj xyuas cov teeb meem sib txawv uas tuaj yeem tsis txoj cai kev lag luam thiab kev nyab xeeb rau ntiaj teb. Cov kev lag luam no siv lub tshuab nres tseg thiab kev tswj xyuas kev tso tawm los daws qhov kub thiab qhov siab ntawm kev nruj nplhaib, kom tau cov kev lag luam sab nraud tau txais cov kev lag luam zoo ib yam. Kev tswj xyuas zoo tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev ploj tshuab uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev lag luam tsis raug thiab tsis txoj cai.

Cov kev tswj xyuas advanced uas tau sib thooj nrog tshuab nruj nplhaib tshiab tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov caij nruj nplhaib thiab rov tso cov kev lag luam los kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj. Cov kev lag luam automated no tuaj yeem tso siab rau qhov sib txawv ntawm caij nruj nplhaib, pH, teeb liab thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom puas tsuaj, kom tiv thaiv kev tsis zoo uas tuaj yeem tsis txoj cai rau ntiaj teb. Kev soj ntsuam thiab tswj xyuas nyob ntuj teb no tau nqis yog ib qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam nruj nplhaib hluas tshiab.

Caij Ntshav Qhuav Chaw Txhim Kho Siv Lub Hmoob

Kev Siv Siab Zoo Tias Caij Ntshav Qhuav Chaw Txhim Kho

Caij ntshav qhuav chaw txhim kho yog qhov kev pab txhim kho tshuaj txaus siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txhim kho dej nruj. Qhov kev pab no siv cov microorganism uas tau raug sau ua kom sov khoom sib xyaw, thiab ua rau muaj ib qho khoom tshwm sim uas tsis ua phem, thaum kuj tso kom BOD thiab khoom siv sib thooj sov dua. Qhov chaw siv dej aeration, xws li blowers thiab diffuser systems, tuaj yeem tso kom muaj oxygen sib ntxiv zoo tagnrho thiab pab tau rau kev siv microorganism.

Qhov chaw txhuam meej ntxhiab tom qab cov cuab yeej tshuab tsha hluv tshuaj rho tawm dej tsha kom txwv tsis pub tej khoom siv hluv tshuaj los ntawm keeb kwm tshuaj, thim rau lub tshuab tsha hluv tshuaj kom muaj ib cheeb tsheej uas tsim nyog rau lub tshuab tsha hluv tshuaj. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuab tsha dej ntsuab yog nyob ntawm kev txhim kho lub sijhawm tsha hluv tshuaj, lub sijhawm tsha hluv tshuaj sib plooj, thiab lub sijhawm tsha hluv tshuaj nrog tej khoom siv. Cov kev caij nyoog kev tshuab advanced zoo li no yuav sau npe rau ob peb yam uas tseem ceeb thiab ua kev hloov kho los ntawm kev tsim nyog kom muaj kev tshuab zoo ib yam.

Lwm hom kev tshuab tsha hluv tshuaj

Qhov chaw nres tsheb biofilm txav (MBBR) thiab qhov chaw nres tsheb membrane bioreactors (MBR) muaj kev sib piv rau qhov chaw nres tsheb activated sludge nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv dej ntsha. Lub tshuab MBBR siv duv plastic uas muaj nruj siab rau kev pib biofilm, tiam sis muaj kev kho tshuab me me thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv kev siv sijhawm tshiab thaum chaw me me tsis pub siv kev tiv thaiv theej thwms.

Qhov chaw tsim membrane bioreactors sib txig kev kho tshuab nrog membranes ultrafiltration, tsim tau lees muaj qhov txiaj ntsim zoo uas feem ntau raug rau standards kev nyab xeeb ntawm environment thaum tsis tau ntxiv kev kho. Qhov chaw kho tshuab MBR muaj kev txiav tshiab zoo dua li cov clarifiers noj mov, tiam sis muaj lees uas muaj turbidity tsim nyog thiab concentrations ntawm khoom siv tsis zoo. Qhov sib txig ntawm kev kho tshuab thiab kev txiav tshiab membrane pab rau cov chaw tsim tau kev kho tshuab ntau yam ntau dua.

Kev Kho Tshuab Ntau Yooj Yim Thiab Qhov Chaw Kho Tshuab

Tshuaj Kho Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Txoj Cai

Cov kev tso cai nyob hauv qhov chaw ntuj sov dav hlau tau xav tau kev saib xyuas thiab txo cov dundeeb nitrogen thiab phosphorus kom tiv thaiv kev sib cuag ntau hauv qhov chaw nyob ntuj sov, ua rau muaj kev xav tau ntau dua rau cov khwmpress tsis zoo tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov dundeeb nrog kev saib xyuas ntau yam. Cov kev pab cuam activated sludge, xws li cov kev xa mus los ntawm anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O), tsim cov caij ntev tshiab uas pab ntxiv kev sib tham ntau thiab saib xyuas phosphorus ntau dua.

Cov kev pab cuam saib xyuas phosphorus nrog chemicals pab ntxiv kev saib xyuas nrog sib tham ntau los ntawm kev ntxig cov dundeeb metal lossis lime uas tsim cov dundeeb phosphorus kom raug xa tseg. Cov kev ntxig chemical no raug sib kis rau cov khwmpress tsis zoo nyob ze tshaj rau cov kev ntxig sib txawv uas tswj hauv cheeb tsam tshiab tshiab. Kev tswj hwm ntxig chemicals yooj yim pab saib xyuas phosphorus tib lub sijhawm, thaiv kev siv zua lot thiab tsim cov sludge.

Saib xyuas thiab Pab Cuam Thaum Laus

Cov kev pab cuam tswj hwm txhijlub yog qhov tshaj tshua nyob rau hauv kev siv khwmdhlwb ntxuav dej nkag, txhawj tsis pub tib neeg mob los ntawm cov kab mob ua rau muaj kab mob ua rau tu si. Kev siv chlorine, kev ntxuav siv roj ultraviolet, thiab kev ntxuav siv roj ozone muaj feem ntau yooj yim tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau ntxuav tias yuav tsum tau ntxuav li cas. Cov chaw ntxuav siv roj UV tau hauv kom meej ntau dua vim nws muaj peev xwm tshara cov kab mob uas tsis tuaj nrog chlorine thiab tsis muaj dej ntxuav siv khwmdhlwb nyob rau hauv dej ntxuav.

Cov kev pab cuam tswj hwm ntxuav ntev tshaj plaws, suav nrog cov khaub ncaws ntxuav, cov ntaub ntxuav, thiab cov kev pab cuam tswj hwm ntxuav, muab kev ntxuav ntev tshaj plaws rau dej ntxuav kom dhau kev daws teeb meem me me. Cov kev pab cuam tswj hwm no ntxuav tej yam uas nyob deb ntxiv, tej yam uas tsis zoo, thiab tej yam khoom siv khwmdhlwb uas tuaj yeem nyob deb tom qab kev ntxuav dua. Kev sib sau nia rau cov chaw ntxuav nrog cov chaw soj ntsuam kev ntxuav kom paub tseeb tias dej ntxuav muaj qhov tseem ceeb kom dhau kev daws teeb meem.

Kev Sib Pab System thiab Kev Tswj Hauv Kev Them

Kev Tswj Xwm thiab Kev Sau Caij Thawj Ntsham

Qhov chais nyiaj tshuaj txhuab ntxhuav tshuab siv cov chais nyiaj tshuab tshuab kom zoo nkauj tshaj plaws uas pab txhim kho kev them ntau dua, txo nqi tshuab, thiab tswj xyuas tseem ceeb rau qhov chais nyiaj. Cov system tswj hauv duab thiab sau ntaub ntawv (SCADA) muab kev tswj hauv duab thiab tswj hauv tag nrho qhov kev them, pab tswj hauv kom tuaj nrog rau qhov xwm yeem hlo li, thiab tswj xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev them. Kev sau ntaub ntawv thiab kev suav ntau yam tshwj tsim tshiab pab pom tias muaj kev tsoom siab thiab pab tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm zoo dua.

Cov caij ntsuas sib txawv thiab cov hlua tshwj xeeb tso rau kev soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog ib txhis kev pab kho, suav nrog pH, oxygen uam ev, qhov tsis zoo, thiab lub peev tswv ntau yam khoom siv. Kev soj ntsuam no pab rau cov hlua tshwj xeeb tuaj muab tshem taws nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, thaum kuj muab ntxiv tias yuav muaj teeb meem uas tuaj yeem tsis txog kev nyob zoo. Cov system tshuaj txwv thiab ntaus ntawv tshuaj txwv tau pab rau cov chav tshwj xeeb pom cov teeb meem tshaj lawm.

Energy Efficiency thiab Sustainability

Kev tsim kho tshuab siv rau kev lag luam ntaus hluks nyob rau hauv dej muaj kev cuam tshuam yooj yim saib xyuas kom txo qhov chaw siv khoom, thaum kawm tau standards kev noj no muaj zog. Cov hliav no tshaj tshuaj ntau thiab tshaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov rooj siv khoom siv tau raws li qhov chaw siv khoom tseem ceeb, txo qhov siv khoom loj dua li cov tshuab siv khoom siv khoom zoo ib yam. Cov tshuab siv khoom rov qab los, xws li cov rooj siv khoom anaerobic thiab cov rooj siv khoom siv khoom ntau thiab siv khoom ntau, tuaj yeem rov qab los siv khoom rau chaw siv khoom, thaum kawm tau kev nyab xeeb tshaj.

Kev tsim kho tshuab nruj nrig nyiaj ntawm kev them nyiaj siv cov kev tshuaj xyuas uas tuaj yeem nrhiav tau qhov chaw muaj zog los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ntau. Cov kev tshuaj xyuas tuaj yeem sau nrog cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ntau, xws li nitrogen thiab phosphorus, kom siv ua dej ntxuav ntaus lossis siv rau kev lag luam lossis kev lag luam nrig nyiaj; cov kev tshuaj xyuas no pab txhim kho qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab pab tswj xyuas kev nyiaj.

Kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua

Preventive Maintenance Strategies

Kev saib xyuas tshuab nruj nrig nyiaj tas li ntawm lub sijhawm yuav pab kom tshuab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo ib yam, thiab tiv thaiv kev phom sij uas yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas nyiaj. Kev saib xyuas tshuab yog kev saib xyuas tas li, kev saib xyuas tshuab, thiab kev hloov pauv cov khoom siv raws li qhov tus kws tsim tshuab qhia thiab kev paub txog kev tshuab. Kev saib xyuas tshuab yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj kev tshuab tsis ua haujlwm, thiab pab tshuab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntev dua thiab ua haujlwm zoo.

Zooj kev sim thiab ntsuam xyuas, xws li kev soj ntsuam kev txwv, kev ntsuam xyuas ntawv huab cua, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas khoob npawb, pab pom cov teeb meem tseem nyob hauv qab chaws ua si ntxiv mus los txhob kom muaj kev pu tsaws. Cov kev siv kev daws teeb meem no pab rau lub chav sib koom ua haujlwm yuav ua kev kho tshuaj nyob rau hnub uas tau npaj lawm, txhob kom muaj kev nyuaj siab uas tuaj yeem tsis raug raws standards ib yam li kev ruaj khov phem. Kev lag luam rau cov kev lag luam sib sau ua kev siv hlau zoo ib yam twv kev ruaj khov phem.

cov lus qhia kom ua haujlwm zoo dua

Kev sib cuag ntau dua rau kev lag luam rau cov khoom siv lag luam nyiaj txiag muaj feem ntau ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua haujlwm, kev siv hluav taws, thiab kev siv ya yaj kom pom cov chaw tso tseg kev pab pawg. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas kev lag luam tuaj yeem qhia cov chaw tso tseg kev pab pawg kom hloov kho tswv yim kev ua haujlwm, nce koj tus kheej, lossis siv cov technology tshiab uas pab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntau zaus pab tswj xyuas kom cov kev lag luam ruaj khov phem ua haujlwm zoo.

Kev soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm chav siv khwv tshuaj siv rau kev lag luam thiab cov chav siv sib xws muab cov lus paub tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, suav nrogพลังงาน per unit ntawm kev siv khwv, tus nqi siv tshuaj, thiab nqi teeb meem, pab pom qhov chaw uas yuav tau txhim kho kom thaum siab nqi thaum twv tau kev nyab xeeb tseg. Kev txhim kho tag nrho yuav pab rau lub tshuab siv khwv tsis pub rov cuag kev tswj hwm thiab kev tswj xyuas thaum kug.

FAQ

Cov feem nyob ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb twg uas chav siv khwv tshuaj yuav tsum pab rau cov chav siv tau txais?

Qhau chaw txhim kho dej tsuag yuav tsum pab rau chaw tsim kom pom lub zog txhim kho rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv dej (BOD), kev siv dej kem (COD), tso cua sov tshuaj (TSS), tshuaj ntxuav, xim nyuj thiab phosphorus, thawj hlwm, pH, thiab microorganisms. Lawv cov kev cai no yog tsim los los ntawm qhov chaw saib xyuas kho mob thiab sib txawv tau raws li qhov chaw nyob, hom chaw tsim, thiab lwm qhov kev cai hauv thaj chaw. Kev ua raws li cov kev cai no yuav pab tiv thaiv neeg thiab tiv thaiv dej tsis pub cuam tshuam.

Yuav li cas txoj hauv kev sib txawv ntawm qhau chaw txhim kho dej pab rau kev ua raws li cov kev cai kho mob?

Qhov chaw pab txhim kho tshuaj ntxig yuav tshem tawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo thiab cov khoom ntxig uas nyob ruaj ruaj los ntawm kev sib tshooj thiab kev nres tseg. Qhov chaw pab txhim kho tshuaj ntxig nruj dua, suav nrog qhov chaw pab txhim kho sludge thiab qhov chaw pab txhim kho biofilm, yuav tshem tawm cov khoom ntxig uas tau sib sau ua leej, thiab rov qhov BOD thiab COD. Qhov chaw pab txhim kho ntau dua yuav pab tshem tawm cov khoom tsis zoo tshwj xeeb, xws li cov du dej, cov khoom ntxig tshwj xeeb, thiab cov kab mob los ntawm kev siv tshuaj ntxig tshwj xeeb, xws li kev tshem tawm cov du dej los ntawm kev pab txhim kho, kev siv tshuaj ntxig, thiab kev tshem tawm kab mob.

Kev siv tshuaj ntxig tuaj yeem pab li cas rau kev pab kom cov chaw pab txhim kho dej ntxig tau txhim kho kom dhau lub standard kev nyab xeeb?

Cov kev lag luam tshwj xwm muab sim txog kev lag luam siv khwv tshuaj thiab hloov kho cov nkeeg tshwm kom ntseeg tau tias yuav muaj kev pab cuam zoo tshaj plaws thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chom tes. Cov kev lag luam SCADA muab tso cai rau kev saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xws li pH, oxygen dissolved, thiab hom tshuaj khaus, tso cai rau kev tog npe rau qhov chaw tshiab. Cov kev lag luam tshwj xwm tswj hwm yuav tshem tsis pub kev lag luam uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij thaum twg, thaum kuj pab kom lag luam meej thaum twg thiab siv tshuaj kom meej thaum twg los pab kom muaj kev lag luam meej.

Yog vim li cas tus chaw lag luam yuav tsum paub tias chav siv khwv tshuaj yuav tsum raug txais kom nyob rau hauv qhov chom tes tshiab?

Yeej chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum tau kis rau kev sau npe kom tuaj meej thiab txhim kho rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev lag luag. Kev rov xov saib xyuas thiab hloov kho siv khoom yuav pab kom chaw tsim khoom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua. Kev txhim kho tiv thaiv yuav tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm siv khoom, thaum kev suav sau npe yuav pom qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau hloov kho. Kev sib tham nrog cov neeg pab txhim kho dej thiab paub txog kev tswj hwm tshiab yuav pab chaw tsim khoom vim nyob ntej kev tswj hwm tshiab.